Zaɓar maganin saman abu matsala ce da kowane mai ƙira ke fuskanta. Akwai nau'ikan zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran saman abu da yawa, kuma mai ƙira mai girma bai kamata kawai ya yi la'akari da tattalin arziki da amfani da ƙirar ba, har ma ya kula da tsarin haɗa kayan har ma da buƙatun muhalli. A ƙasa akwai taƙaitaccen gabatarwa game da wasu shafa da aka saba amfani da su don mannewa bisa ga ƙa'idodin da ke sama, don masu aikin mannewa su yi amfani da su.
1. Yin amfani da wutar lantarki
Zinc shine fenti da aka fi amfani da shi ga manne-manne na kasuwanci. Farashin yana da arha sosai, kuma kamanninsa yana da kyau. Launuka na yau da kullun sun haɗa da baƙi da kore na soja. Duk da haka, aikin hana lalatawa matsakaici ne, kuma aikin hana lalatawa shine mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin yadudduka na zinc plating (shafi). Gabaɗaya, ana yin gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki na ƙarfe galvanized cikin awanni 72, kuma ana amfani da wasu sinadarai na musamman don tabbatar da cewa gwajin feshin gishiri mai tsaka tsaki ya ɗauki fiye da awanni 200. Duk da haka, farashin yana da tsada, wanda ya ninka na ƙarfe galvanized na yau da kullun sau 5-8.
Tsarin electrogalvanization yana da saurin haifar da gurɓataccen hydrogen, don haka ba a yi wa ƙusoshin da suka wuce matakin 10.9 magani da galvanizing ba. Duk da cewa ana iya cire hydrogen ta amfani da tanda bayan an shafa shi, fim ɗin passivation zai lalace a yanayin zafi sama da 60 ℃, don haka dole ne a cire hydrogen bayan an yi amfani da electroplating da kuma kafin a yi amfani da passivation. Wannan yana da ƙarancin aiki da kuma tsadar sarrafawa. A zahiri, masana'antun samarwa gabaɗaya ba sa cire hydrogen sai dai idan takamaiman abokan ciniki sun ba da umarni.
Daidaiton da ke tsakanin karfin juyi da karfin matsewa na kayan ɗaurewa na galvanized ba shi da kyau kuma ba shi da tabbas, kuma ba a amfani da su don haɗa muhimman sassa. Domin inganta daidaiton juyi na juyi na juyi, ana iya amfani da hanyar shafa abubuwan shafawa bayan an shafa su don ingantawa da haɓaka daidaiton juyi na juyi na juyi.
2. Yin amfani da sinadarin Phosphating
Babban ƙa'ida ita ce phosphating ya fi rahusa fiye da galvanizing, amma juriyar tsatsa ta fi galvanizing muni. Bayan phosphating, ya kamata a shafa mai, kuma juriyar tsatsa yana da alaƙa da aikin man da aka shafa. Misali, bayan phosphating, shafa man hana tsatsa gaba ɗaya da kuma yin gwajin feshi na gishiri tsaka tsaki na tsawon awanni 10-20 kacal. Shafa man hana tsatsa mai inganci na iya ɗaukar har zuwa awanni 72-96. Amma farashinsa ya ninka na man phosphating na yau da kullun sau 2-3.
Akwai nau'ikan phosphating guda biyu da ake amfani da su wajen ɗaurewa, wato phosphating bisa zinc da phosphating bisa manganese. Phosphating bisa zinc yana da kyakkyawan aikin shafawa fiye da phosphating bisa manganese, kuma phosphating bisa manganese yana da mafi kyawun juriya ga lalata da lalacewa fiye da plating na zinc. Ana iya amfani da shi a yanayin zafi daga digiri 225 zuwa 400 Fahrenheit (107-204 ℃). Musamman don haɗa wasu muhimman abubuwa. Kamar ƙusoshin sanda masu haɗawa da goro na injin, kan silinda, babban bearing, ƙusoshin tashi, ƙusoshin ƙafafun ƙafa da goro, da sauransu.
Bolt masu ƙarfi suna amfani da phosphating, wanda kuma zai iya guje wa matsalolin embrittlement na hydrogen. Saboda haka, bolt ɗin da suka wuce matakin 10.9 a fannin masana'antu galibi suna amfani da maganin saman phosphating.
3. Haɗakar iskar oxygen (baƙin ƙarfe)
Man shafawa mai duhu da mai wani abu ne da aka fi sani da mannewa a masana'antu domin shi ne mafi arha kuma yana da kyau kafin amfani da mai. Saboda duhun da yake yi, kusan ba shi da ikon hana tsatsa, don haka zai yi tsatsa da sauri ba tare da mai ba. Ko da a gaban mai, gwajin fesa gishirin zai iya ɗaukar awanni 3-5 ne kawai.
4. Rarraba Electroplating
Rufin Cadmium yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, musamman a yanayin yanayi na ruwa, idan aka kwatanta da sauran hanyoyin magance surface. Kudin maganin sharar gida a lokacin aikin electroplating cadmium yana da yawa, kuma farashinsa ya ninka sau 15-20 na zinc electroplating. Don haka ba a amfani da shi a masana'antu gabaɗaya, kawai don takamaiman yanayi. Ana amfani da maƙallan don dandamalin haƙa mai da jiragen HNA.
5. Rufin Chromium
Rufin chromium yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin yanayi, ba shi da sauƙin canza launi da rasa sheƙi, kuma yana da ƙarfi da juriyar lalacewa. Ana amfani da plating na chromium akan manne don dalilai na ado. Ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba a fannoni na masana'antu waɗanda ke da buƙatar juriyar tsatsa, saboda kyawawan manne-manne masu rufi na chrome suna da tsada kamar bakin ƙarfe. Sai lokacin da ƙarfin bakin ƙarfe bai isa ba, ana amfani da manne-manne masu rufi na chrome maimakon haka.
Domin hana tsatsa, ya kamata a fara shafa jan ƙarfe da nickel kafin a shafa musu chrome plating. Rufin chromium zai iya jure yanayin zafi mai zafi na digiri 1200 Fahrenheit (650 ℃). Amma akwai kuma matsalar embrittlement na hydrogen, kamar electrogalvanizing.
6. Rufin nickel
Ana amfani da shi galibi a wuraren da ke buƙatar hana tsatsa da kuma ingantaccen amfani da wutar lantarki. Misali, tashoshin fitar da batirin abin hawa.
7. Yin amfani da galvanizing mai zafi
Gilashin galvanizing mai zafi wani shafi ne na watsa sinadarin zinc mai zafi wanda aka dumama shi zuwa ruwa. Kauri na shafan yana tsakanin 15 zuwa 100 μm. Kuma ba shi da sauƙin sarrafawa, amma yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa kuma ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a fannin injiniyanci. A lokacin aikin yin amfani da galvanizing mai zafi, akwai gurɓataccen iska mai tsanani, gami da sharar zinc da tururin zinc.
Saboda kauri mai kauri, ya haifar da matsaloli wajen yin ƙulle-ƙulle a cikin zaren ciki da na waje a cikin maƙallan. Saboda zafin aikin galvanizing mai zafi, ba za a iya amfani da shi ga maƙallan da suka wuce matakin 10.9 ba (340~500 ℃).
8. Shigar da sinadarin zinc
Shigar da sinadarin zinc wani abu ne mai ƙarfi da aka yi da sinadarin zinc foda mai zafi. Daidaitonsa yana da kyau, kuma ana iya samun wani tsari mai kama da juna a cikin zare da ramukan makafi. Kauri na farantin shine 10-110 μm. Kuma ana iya sarrafa kuskuren a 10%. Ƙarfin haɗa shi da aikin hana lalata shi da substrate sune mafi kyau a cikin murfin zinc (kamar electrogalvanizing, galvanizing mai zafi, da Dacromet). Tsarin sarrafa shi ba shi da gurɓatawa kuma ya fi dacewa da muhalli.
9. Dacromet
Babu wata matsala ta embrittlement na hydrogen, kuma daidaiton karfin karfin karfin yana da kyau sosai. Ba tare da la'akari da matsalolin chromium da muhalli ba, Dacromet a zahiri shine mafi dacewa da manne mai karfi mai karfi tare da bukatar hana tsatsa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-19-2023
